URTICACEAE: Nettle Family


Description of the Family:

Habit***: ours herbs, often with ***stinging hairs

Leaves: opposite or alternate, simple, stipulate

Plants: monoecious or dioecious

Inflorescence: cymose, usually axillary cymes

Sepals: 3-5, distinct or connate

Petals: absent

Stamens: 3-5, distinct, opposite the sepals

Gynoecium: of 1 superior carpel with 1 locule and 1 basal ovule

Fruit: achene or drupe

Diversity: 45 genera / 1000 species

Distribution: cosmopolitan, many tropical

Economics: ramie (commercial fiber) comes from a genus in this family; Urtica (stinging nettle) has hollow hairs that act as hypodermics injecting acetylcholine (causes stinging) and histamine (causes itchng); plants can be boiled (destroys hairs and compounds and eaten like spinach).


Representative species found in Arizona:

Paritaria

Urtica dioica


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