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Leaves: alternate, simple, persistent; oblong, less than 3.8 cm long, stiff; margins spiny-toothed, blue-green above
Flowers: male in catkins
Fruit: acorn 19 mm long, narrow, pointed, cup turbinate
Bark: gray, scaly becoming furrowed
Range: Southwestern from New Mexico to California and northern Mexico
Importance: most common oak species in chaparral of central Arizona; browse for cattle, sheep, deer, etc...; sprouts vigorously
Best Recognized Features:
1. Spiny holly-like, blue-green leaf, 3.8 cm long
2. Usually shrubby